In this episode, Dr. Jeff Sim, a mental health quality improvement manager at the Illinois Department of Corrections, explains what he has learned about the connection between science and empathy in prison populations. Focusing on three major brain development milestones, Dr. Sim talks about why individuals raised in a hyper-vigilant fight-or-flight mode struggle to empathize or feel the consequences of destructive behavior. Hear Dr. Sim's perspective on high-level neuropsychology, the impact of corrections, and the disconnect between incarceration and the real world — highlighting how strong, positive relationships can work to support mental and behavioral health.